Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions

Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions

Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4

Derivative of sin x

\begin{align*} \frac{d}{dx}\sin x &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin(x + \delta x) - \sin x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin x \cos \delta x + \cos x \sin \delta x - \sin x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin x \cos \delta x - \sin x + \cos x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin x (\cos \delta x - 1) + \cos x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin x (\cos \delta x - 1)}{\delta x} + \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \sin x \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos \delta x - 1}{\delta x} + \cos x \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \sin x \times 0 + \cos x \times 1\\ \therefore \frac{d}{dx}\sin x &= \cos x\\ \end{align*}

Derivative of cos x

\begin{align*} \frac{d}{dx}\cos x &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos (x + \delta x) - \cos x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos x \cos \delta x - \sin x \sin \delta x - \cos x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos x \cos \delta x - \cos x - \sin x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos x (\cos \delta x - 1) - \sin x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos x (\cos \delta x - 1)}{\delta x} - \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin x \sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \cos x \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\cos \delta x - 1}{\delta x} - \sin x \lim_{\delta x \to 0} \frac{\sin \delta x}{\delta x}\\ &= \cos x \times 0 - \sin x \times 1\\ \therefore \frac{d}{dx}\cos x&= - \sin x \end{align*}